Watson's Caring Theory on Postpartum Disorder Essay

Watson's Caring Theory on Postpartum Disorder - Essay Example The idea is to inform nursing practice and to ensure the best possible care for patients. This paper will explore Jane Watson’s philosophy and science of caring theory. The structure of this paper will begin with the description of the medical condition and is followed by a discussion of the nursing theory and its application. Medical Condition: The Postpartum Disorder The postpartum depression also called as Baby Blues (depending on the severity of the condition) was one of the topics considered for this paper along with other conditions relating to newborn infants. The decision to focus on the disorder stem from the fact that it is quite prevalent but often left untreated or undiagnosed, hence, often misunderstood from the point of view of healthcare providers. Recent statistics show that at least 400,000 women in the United States suffer from postpartum disorder annually and that one in four first time mothers experience the illness (Johnson, 2003, p.141). According to Rose nfield (2006), "after their follow-up gynecologist examination, the only contact most women will have with medical providers during the postpartum year is at their baby's well child examination," and that "the concept of pediatricians screening for postpartum depression has not caught on widely so diagnosis at these visits is unlikely" (p.61). In addition, postpartum symptoms are often considered subclinical, cross-cultural and are associated or misunderstood as other medical and psychological conditions such as "marital dissatisfaction, lack of social support, personality characteristics, family history of depression, and autoimmune thyroid disease" (Cooper, 2007, p.35). So what exactly is postpartum disorder? To illustrate the experience, severity and trends about postpartum disorder, a mother's experience and view is cited below: PPP (postpartum psychosis) was the worse experience of my life... I lost the joy of new motherhood. I lost "me" for the first two years of my daughter's life and even longer to put the pieces together (Twomey, 2009, p.xv). The above account demonstrates the impact of postpartum disorder. This is highlighted by the fact that, for years, the condition has been largely ignored. Today, it is considered and widely known as a mental disease that could endanger the lives of both the mother and the baby. There is no specific or standard definition for postpartum disorder. This is at least true according to the available literature on the subject. There are those who identify the depression experienced by women after giving birth as the basic symptom for the disorder. Out of these, Taeusch et al., (2005) offered a comprehensive definition by explaining that postpartum depression is characterized by "significant distress or impairment in all areas of functioning" that are not medically induced or caused by a loss of a loved one (p.96). Heath further cited that the disorder manifests within 3 to 6 months after giving birth (p.96). Some studie s have recorded longer periods such as the previous example cited by Twomey. Postpartum disorder is classified into several types. The classification, which varies according to researcher or expert, is commonly based on the degree of its severity. For the purposes set by this paper, Ahuja's (1999) classification will be used, which categorized postpartum disorder into three. These are: 1) Type I: Postpartum psychosis also known as brief reactive psychosis; 2) Type II: Adjustment reaction with depressed mood (e.g. postpartum

Expanding a Multinational Company Research Paper - 1

Expanding a Multinational Company - Research Paper Example The revenue earned by the company in 2012 is $4.2 billion. After doing a market research on different countries the company decided to extend its operations to Singapore. Environmental Analysis An environmental scanning of the new market chosen for expansion of Network Manufacturing Company is being done using PESTEL analysis. PESTEL analysis helps to analyse the macro economic factors which are used in the environmental scanning (Lorat, 2009). Factors Analysis Political The political structure of Singapore is headed by the President at the top, who is the Head of the State. It is followed by the Prime Minister who is the Head of the Government and then the cabinet which consists of the executives who are also controlled by the President. The political structure of the country allows many foreigners to come and reside in Singapore and carry out their businesses without the fear of any political barrier. Thus the company will not face any threat from the political environment of Singa pore. Economic The Gross Domestic Product of the country in 2012 is $239.7 billion. The Gross National Income per capita is 59380 (in Euros) and the present inflation rate is 5.2 per cent (Singapore Economic Development Board, 2012). It is a well developed country and is highly successful for carrying out businesses. The country has an open business environment and is free from corruption. Therefore, the chosen company does not possess any threat from the economic scenario of the country and can carry out its business in the new market chosen freely and successfully. Social Singapore is a place of various cultures. The country possesses a strong social responsibility and allows different foreigners from all parts of the world with diversified cultures. The country is also known as a nation of many languages as the residents here speak in different languages. Thus the social environment of the country allows many outsiders to reside in the country and continue their business operatio ns. The chosen company is free from the barriers related to the social and cultural dimensions of the country. Technological The country is full of new technologies and allows many foreign investors as well as many foreign companies to continue their operations in the country under the controlled administration of the government. Environmental The environmental factors of the country support foreign investors as well as foreign businesses to start and continue their operations in the country. The country possesses a code of ethics for the businesses running there. It includes transparency; coordination among the managers, the directors and the investors and professionalism in the business. A business following these ethics will have no environmental barrier from this country. Legal The regulatory business of the country helps to encourage the businesses that are operating there. The regulatory framework of the country favours the businesses running there. The investments that are ma de by the foreign investors are supported by the law of Singapore. Entry strategy and Ownership Structure A company expanding into a new market involves a lot of risks. The company may possess several threats from the new market. Thus it is always beneficial for the company if it goes into a joint venture with an existing company in Singapore. It will reduce the