Informative Speech The History of Pluto Essay - 1108 Words

Informative Speech: The History of Pluto Specific Purpose Statement: By the end of my speech my audience will be able to explain the history behind Pluto becoming a planet and in turn losing its planetary status. INTRODUCTION: Attention Getter: Growing up learning about the planets my first grade teacher told me, â€Å"My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pies† was a way to remember the order of the planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. Apparently now teachers teach it as, â€Å"My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos†. Come on what happened to pies, personally I prefer pies over nachos. Thesis Statement: With the advances in technology, scientist have opened the door to the discovery of Pluto,†¦show more content†¦Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh is the man credited for the actual discovery of â€Å"Planet X†. Nola Taylor Redd a contributor to Space.com in an article title Clyde Tombaugh: Astronomer Who Discovered Pluto writes, â€Å"When Tombaugh was hired in 1929, he joined the search for the missing planet. The telescope at the observatory was equipped with a camera that would take two photographs of the sky on different days. A device known as a blink compactor rapidly flipped back and forth between the two photographs. Stars and galaxies essentially remained unmoving in the images, but anything closer could be visually identified by its motion across the sky†. b. Jennifer Rosenberg in her article Pluto Discovered writes, â€Å"It took a year of detailed, painstaking work, but Tombaugh did find Planet X. The discovery occurred on February 18, 1930 while Tombaugh was carefully examining a set of photographic plates created by the telescope†. Tombaugh officially announced the discovery of the ninth planet on March 13, 1930. Internal Summary/Preview: After discussing the discovery of â€Å"Planet X† through the beliefs of Percival Lowell and the actual finding done by Clyde Tombaugh, we will shift to discussing how â€Å"Planet X† got the name Pluto. II. Upon discovering the new planet which was referred to as â€Å"Planet X† the staff at Lowell Observatory opened up the rights to naming the this new planetary object to the public. A. Eleven year old Venetia Burney Phair from England had suggested the nameShow MoreRelatedThe Rise of Politically Partisan Infotainment2039 Words   |  9 PagesFox News: The Rise of Politically Partisan Infotainment Consumers now have access to more information than in any other point in history, and are being subjected to partisan news on a larger scale than ever before. Partisan news outlets, such as Fox News and MSNBC tailor their broadcasts to appeal to the confirmation bias of their target audiences. Each network not only chooses which stories to run based on the interest of their target demographic, but also frames the facts in a way that leadsRead More Myth of Propaganda in the Balkans and Rwanda Essay6707 Words   |  27 Pagespretty easy to persuade the first group to kill the other†¦ for the sake of protection. The most effective way for the governments in the Balkans and in Rwanda to inspire fear and move their followers towards murder was to call upon the power of history and create tenable myths that could inspire intense nationalism and feelings of ethnic superiority. In his discussion about the function of myth, George Schà ¶pflin says that the political and intellectual elites of a society— those who control theRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 PagesA Short History of Nearly Everything is a popular science book by American author Bill Bryson that explains some areas of science, using a style of language which aims to be more accessible to the general public than many other books dedicated to the subject. It was one of the bestselling popular science books of 2005 in the UK, selling over 300,000 copies.[1] instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from the BigRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 PagesA Short History of Nearly Everything is a popular science book by American author Bill Bryson that explains some areas of science, using a style of language which aims to be more accessible to the general public than many other books dedicated to the subject. It was one of the bestselling popular science books of 2005 in the UK, selling over 300,000 copies.[1] instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from the

Psychology And The Different Things Involved With It

Over this last semester in I have learned about psychology and the different things involved with it. In our class we covered nine different chapters ranging from research about psychology to who we are as a person. Are you may be wondering what psychology exactly is? Psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes. Psychology is a science. Like other scientists, psychologists seek to explain and control behavior and mental processes and test their ideas through research methods. In this paper I will cover the three topics I found the most interesting to me. The three most interesting topics I am going to reflect on are: how the environment shaped who I am today, what motivates me to do things, and the things that cause stress in my life. In chapter 10 of our psychology it talks about developmental psychology and how people grow and change throughout their life span- from conception, through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, and until death. Along with this com es two main issues development psychologists are concerned with and those two general ideas are the ways heredity and environmental influences contribute to human development. They have always debated whether human behavior is determined by heredity (nature) or environmental (nurture). For my purpose I am going to talk about how the environment has shaped who I am as a person today. A psychologist by the name of John Watson believes that the influences of the environment are much stronger thanShow MoreRelatedEssay The Science of Psychology: The Science of our Minds1006 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Freudian slip is when you say one thing but mean your mother† (Unknown) The amazing thing with a Freudian slip is how the mind inserts a detail from your subconscious that was not intended to be there however the mouth said another. 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Does Death Define Us free essay sample

Non-philosophical source: In the science fiction film Avatar directed by James Cameron, Jake Sully, a paraplegic former marine, replaces his brother for the avatar project on Pandora, where humans are milling for a valuable mineral, unbootable. However, there Is a group of Inhabitants called Naval who are forced to fight against human Invaders because they were trying to assimilate them and deprive their harmony life with nature. Initially, Jake and his avatar is ordered to understand and learn from those native Naive and provide information to human about Naives home tree which located n the richest deposits of niobium for hundreds of miles. But after the failure of diplomatic solution for the Nava to move, Colonel Miles Charity, the leader of Roads private security force, began to destroy Naves home tree forcefully. Jake and other scientists of the avatar project are disgusted with Charitys brutal methods, fly to an avatar link outpost and help the natives to fight and defend their homeland, with support from a pilot, Trudy Coach ¶n. In the final battle, Colonel Miles Quarrels Is killed and Naval won the war but suffered heavy casualties Including the new clan chief and he greatest warrior, Tutees and the pilot, Trudy Coach?n. Eventually, with the exception of Jack and few other scientists who helped Naval In the fight, all humans are expelled from Pandora. Philosophical essay: The question does death define us? must be clarified and explained before arguing the question itself.The term define means to find either unique properties which can separate this object from every other object or combination of properties that make the object unique. For example, when we define a square, we say a square is a shape that has four equal sides and four right angles. Those are defining properties of square because no other shapes have the same combination of properties; and this combination makes the square unique and distinguishable from any other shape. However, If there are only four equal sides or only four right angles, they cannot define a square since they are only part of the combination.Thus when we define something, we mean to find out all of the distinguishing characteristics one object has and separate these properties from any other objects; or to find a unique property which is enough to make an object distinguishable. Secondly, the word us has three potential definitions: individual human being, human beings as a whole, and all living things including human beings, animals, plants, bacteria and etc. It cannot include non-living things because it doesnt make any sense to associate death with non-living things since they cannot die.Thus us has to refer to living things at least, whether Its general or specific. For the first definition of us, which Is Individual human being, death cannot define us because It cannot separate or dullnesss one Individual from another, which Is clearly against the meaning of define, on the basis that every Individual Is different. If everyone is not, then does it mean that everyone suppose to act, think But in reality, thats not the case. Consider Colonel Miles Charity and pilot Trudy Coach ¶n, they are different in gender, in beliefs and in who they supported although they all die eventually.Can one say they are same persons based on their similarity death, regardless of the differences listed above? Unlikely, otherwise they will act, think in same way and they wouldnt support different groups of people. Thus, every individual has to be different in one way or another, which makes differences exist. Because death is universal to everyone, it is not a defining characteristic of an individual based on the definition of define; in other words, death cannot de fine The second definition of us is human beings in general human beings, where the question becomes: does death distinguish human beings from other species?By similar reasoning, the answer is no here, since all living species on earth are mortal, and death is only one ultimate ending to all living things; death, therefore, cannot extinguish human beings from all other living species. Theres definite a distinction between human beings and other living species such as animals and plants, but death is not the one. Back to my non-philosophy source, the Nava clan leader Tutees and Colonel Miles Charity both died at the end, but is the death that distinguishes those two species?Not really because Tsetse is alien, he can live in the environment of Pandora; whereas Colonel Miles Charity cannot without his oxygen mask. By the definition of define, this is a difference between human beings and Nava, a unique laity which can independently define or distinguish human beings from Nava. Since death does not include this unique quality, it cannot define us in this case. The third potential definition of us could be all living things, including human beings, animals, plants, bacteria, and basically any life form that exists.And in this situation, death can be the unique distinction between living species and non-living things. However, that is the case only if all living things are mortal. What if the technology is advanced enough so that no one could die? Scientists already found hat the reason we get ol der is because the chromosomes at the end of cell gets shorter every time when it duplicates. If we can manually keep the length of chromosomes, we are expected to live much longer and eventually, live infinitely long.Although it seems weird, it is possible. And death will no longer exist if the above is true. Thus death will no longer be able to define us since the concept, death, may not exist. The problem of infinity where everyone will be exactly the same since they will all have same experience does not exist here under the definition of us, cause us is defined as all living things here, whether they are the same or not; as long as they can live forever, the question does death define us is basically nonsense to ask.However, there are oppositions to my argument under different concepts of us. First of all, when us is defined as individuals of human beings, one could argue that death is the only reason that motivates everyone to work, to live and to progress. For instance, during high school, students will enjoy their life as much as they can, because eventually it will end; or they will study as hard as they can, because eventually theyll need to get into university. In university, students will do the same, except the purpose to study is to get a decent career.During ones career, they will saying that everything we do is defined by the fact that we will eventually die, thus we should do everything we need before its too late. Admittedly, I agree with the fact that death can motivate us to some extent. However, is it the case that everything we do is defined by the fact that we will eventually die? Say I will eat an ice-cream today aftershock; am I thinking if I miss this ice-cream, I will regret when I die? Normally people dont think that way. Such insignificant things we do all the time are not considered to be defined by death, because without those things, the effect is negligible.Secondly, back to my argument for first definition o f us, everyone is doing different things during their lifetime even those things are all motivated by death. But death is same for everyone, it is universal. Thus why an universal property can motivate or cause different behaviors and actions for different people? In reality, people pursue different career, do different things and behave differently. Then hats the cause for all of those differences? Is the answer death? Unlikely because death is same for everyone; it cannot be the reason or explanation for all of the differences between individuals.Based on the definition of define, the combination of properties that distinguish one individual from another is not solely death since there has to be some other characteristics or properties that can determine a person other than death. Thus death cannot define us; it is a part of the combination of properties at most. Another opposition is by saying that life is only a small tiny bit of peoples entire existence; it is in death that they will be infinite and either go to heaven or hell for instance. Thus death is essential and defines us for o ur after life, which is infinite compare to lifetime. However, after death, people will not be the same, either they will be rewarded or punished according to most religions. But what causes these differences, namely reward and punishment? The action of death does not determine that, its only a starting point where you will be Judged. But Judgment itself is determined by peoples behaviors during lifetime for most religions. Death is essential here because it is when people will be Judged; but since death is neither the combination of properties nor the only unique property to determine individuals afterlife, it cannot define us based on definition of define.For second and third definition of us, there are no strong counter arguments since all counter arguments are based on the fact that we will die eventually. But if human beings alone (for second definition of us) or all species on earth (for third definition of us) can live forever by advanced technology which is possible, then the question whether death can define us or not immediate ly becomes meaningless, since there will be no death at all. And the problem of individuality can be avoided in these two situations because us is defined as a group of people or species. For second definition of us, people will be the same if time is infinite, but they are still people; they will never have experiences to be animals. Human beings have the power and technology to make human beings immortal, but not the animals. Thus the consequence is that people will never die, but all other species will. Therefore, death can potentially define all other species on earth, but not human beings, which is against the second definition of us.For third definition, all living things will be immortal, but they are at same time, living forever. Thus they will be distinctive from species will die and the question whether death can define us or not is nonsense. Whereas for first definition of us this argument wont work because of the problem of individuality; people will be assimilated through time since they will eventually have same experience. In conclusion, death cannot define us no matter which definition of us we adopt.There are no strong counter arguments that can defeat arguments which Justify that death cannot define us under one or more definition of us. However, there could be other potential arguments that are stronger as opposition by changing the definition of define for instance. But within this essay, the overall strength of arguments for death cannot define us is much stronger than arguments against it. Thus the answer death cannot define us to the original question is a more reasonable and convincing conclusion here.

SENCO duties away from the classroom Essay Example

SENCO duties away from the classroom Essay During my ESE the class was covered by a supply teacher every Friday morning allowing the class teacher time to carry out her SENCO duties away from the classroom. I observed that each time the children were taught by the supply teacher they behaved extremely badly and did very little work. Even children that were normally quiet in class saw this time as an opportunity to become boisterous. The teaching style of the replacement teacher differed greatly from the class teacher. The supply teacher was softly spoken, gentle when giving instructions, and did not carry out punishment threats; for example taking time away from the children’s play time for bad behaviour. I noted that although the usual class teacher might be viewed by some as strict and authorative, this was in fact what the children craved and they did not work as well when this structure was removed. Pollard and Tann (1993) observed, when asked about their ‘best’ teachers, a majority of junior age pupils chose fairness and consistency as the chief qualities. (p.164) An effective teacher will have numerous strategies for controlling the children’s behaviour, however for these to work it is important for the teacher to know each child individually. Some children respond well to hand signals, or facial expressions. Some will not understand these subtleties and will need verbal reminders. By understanding each child, an effective teacher will control behaviour more effectively. I witnessed an example of this during my time in school. The teacher asked 5 of the most disruptive children to draw a picture on a small card of something that represented good behaviour to them. We will write a custom essay sample on SENCO duties away from the classroom specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on SENCO duties away from the classroom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on SENCO duties away from the classroom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She then laminated the cards and the 5 held them at carpet time and had them on the table during work sessions. When the behaviour of any of these children became unacceptable, the class teacher would say; ‘look at your card’. For two of the children this simple idea worked extremely well and their behaviour improved dramatically. The other three folded, chewed and lost their cards and were not interested in what the significance was. Some methods that work for visual learners may not be as successful with kinaesthetic ones. A good teacher will understand the differences. It is extremely important that the teacher uses all knowledge they have about a child effectively and to the child’s benefit. An effective teacher will be aware of the child’s cultural and religious background and will pay particular attention to any specific needs. This is also the case for children with special educational needs. By being interested and informed, the effective teacher will successfully manage the class to it’s maximum learning potential. In my recent ESE I experienced such a case; Wiktoria is a Polish girl who had very little speaking English and naturally struggled with class work. I noticed that she was not labelled as ‘low ability’ simply because she did not understand the language. She was given support from the TA and oftencame up with correct answers before the english speaking children. She was extremely able and just needed extra assistance as she leant the language. In some schools she may have been automatically placed at the lower end of the abilty range; however this was not what was required and the class teacher had realised this and acted accordingly. Of course it is understandable that in a class of thirty children, issues such as these will occasionally be missed. But if left, children such as Wiktoria could become frustrated at their inabilty to understand and follow the other children, resulting in behavioural problems. The class teacher informed me that Wikoria had been transferred from another local school where she had been considered ‘a problem’. During my three week placemnent, I saw no sign of any behavioural issues with Wiktoria, mainly because she was handled extremely effectively by the class teacher. It is important that children are viewed as individuals with different needs and not left unmotivated as this can result in bad behaviour. An effective teacher will encourage discussion and contribution and ban the children from mocking or laughing at incorrect answers. An effective classroom is one where pupils learn, and all staff help them to do so without spending too much of their time managing problem or difficult behaviour. The Elton Report on Behaviour Management, comissioned in 1989 states; Everybody involved in the planning, delivery and evaluation of the curriculum should recognise that the quality of teaching and learning has a significant impact on pupils behaviour. An effective teacher is one with a variety of teaching skills and a flexibility to implement them whenever they are required. By creating a positive and stableclassroom environment with rules and boundaries, the children will be able to express themselves and work to the best of their abilty. It is essential that children feel respected and included and a good teacher will realise the importance of high self esteem among his/her class. I have studied a wide range of skills that I feel make up an effective teacher, three of which I have discussed during this essay. I am aware that in order to develop my strength in these areas I will need to practice and apply the skills within a school environment and I am looking forward to doing this later in the year. The successful combination of personal attributes and practical knowledge that combine to make a successful teacher is a mix that I hope to achieve through hard work and keen observation.

Burberry is a Public Limited Company free essay sample

In this report I will be evaluating the reasons for the success of two contrasting business.Burberry is a public limited company. A public limited company is usually a large, well-known business. This could be a producer or a sequence of retailers with branches in most city centres. Shares trade on the stock exchange. Burberry is a company which manufactures designs and distributes apparels and accessories under the Burberry brand. The main purpose of Burberry is to make a profit. The size of Burberry is a large as it has lots of employees across the UK. The number of employees in which Burberry have is 9,828. This is because they are international therefore they need a lot of employee. Burberry covers a wide range of sectors from primary to tertiary; this is evident as it makes products and also provides services to other companies. Oxfam is a non-profitable business in other words Oxfam is a charity. We will write a custom essay sample on Burberry is a Public Limited Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Oxfam is an international association of 14 organisations who are the trustees of the organisation, working in 98 countries worldwide to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice. The purpose of Oxfam is to help create lasting solutions to the injustice of poverty. They are part of a global movement for change. Oxfam is a big organisation. Oxfam is an international confederation of 20 organizations working together with partners and local communities in more than 90 countries. This shows us how they help people because they aid in multiple countries. The sector of an Oxfam organisation is tertiary as it’s a charity organisation and it provides a service due to the fact that it helps people. Oxfam was founded a little later after Burberry. In this assignment I am required to produce a detailed report on two contrasting organisations. My two chosen organisations are Oxfam and Burberry who I have briefly described about above.Burberry and Oxfam are two contrasting businesses in the business domain. They both are very successful at what they do and are continuing to grow, even though one business is profitable and one is non for profitable. Burberry is a business which sells clothes and services to other companies, whereas, Oxfam is a large charitable organisation which gives a service in people which need help around the globe.

Families and Young Children What Constitutes Effective Parental Discipline

Families and Young Children What Constitutes Effective Parental Discipline Background Good discipline in children is always the desire of every parent and for this reason; parents must know and learn strategies that constitute good discipline among their children.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Families and Young Children: What Constitutes Effective Parental Discipline? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In advising parents about effectiveness, methods of instilling discipline in their children the relationship between the parents and the children, importance of good behaviours and consequences of bad behaviours are of great concern (Carey, 2003). The word discipline is adopted from a Greek word discipline, which can be interpreted as teaching or instructing. The early stages of a child’s development are essential in the development of a child discipline and any values that a child acquires at this stage of development will be reflected in their adulthood (Powers, 1990). The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate how parents can be effective in disciplining their children. The study therefore was an investigation on the effectiveness of the various methods that can be applied in instilling discipline among children (Kohlberg, 1992). In this study, the investigation was carried out among children below the school age. In addition, the main aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the different approaches that are taken by parents in disciplining their children. Good relationship between parents and their children is an effective method of promoting good discipline among children (Papalia, 2006). Good behaviour among children requires an effort from both the child and the parents and for this reason rewarding desirable behaviour is not only important in encouraging good behaviour but it can be an effective tool for instilling discipline among children. Punishment for bad behaviour has always been thought to be a solution for bad behavi our among children. However, corporal punishment is not an effective method of disciplining children (mash Wolfe, 2008).Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Synthesis The relationship between parents and their children is an effective tool of promoting good behaviour. Children cannot be forced to have good behaviour and therefore encouraging good behaviour among children becomes effective in promoting good behaviours. Good relationship between the child and the parents ensures children of their security and hence promote their behaviour (Wallis, 2003). Rewarding children for good behaviour is an effective strategy of encouraging children to behave well (Sears Maccoby 1976). The parents or guardians must make an effort in the promotion of good behaviour among children and hence rewarding children for their good behaviour is a method that has been known to work. Although punish ing children for the mistakes they commit has been applied by many parents, as a method for promoting good behaviour among children the fact is that this method is not effective. Continued use of this method will also promote bad behaviour among children. Actually, it will harden their response to any effort meant at promoting good behaviour that is it will make children rebel against the authority and their parents. Corporal punishment is one of the biggest mistakes that parents can make as a method of promoting good behaviours among children (McCord, 1996). Method During the investigation, several methods were applied to collect and analyze the data with the main aim of producing a comprehensive report on children behaviour. The subjects of the investigation were parents, children below school age and nurses assigned with the role of taking care of children in children homes and homes of individual parents. The investigation was divided into two parts where the first study was to focus on response from children and the second part was to focus on the parent’s side of the story. In this study, the data collection tools that were applied were questionnaires, interviews and direct observation. These tools were applied on the two phases of the study according to their suitability. In the first phase of the investigation, parents and baby sitters were given questionnaires, which they were expected to fill and hand back to the field interviewers within one day.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Families and Young Children: What Constitutes Effective Parental Discipline? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The questionnaires used had structured question where some were open-ended questions while others were closed ended questions. These questions were designed in such a way that they could provide us with sufficient information that was required in the study. The questions in the questionnaires were designed in a way that they addressed the interests of both the parents and the children. The questions therefore enquired about the methods that parents and guardians think are effective in promoting good behaviour among children. The questions also investigated on how children view the discipline measures applied by their parents and guardians (Pantley, 2007). Observation was also another effective tool that was used in the investigation. During the study, our fieldwork representatives were supposed to select a case study, which was supposed to be a home or a baby care centre. The representatives then spent about one day in this selected place and carried out an observation on the behaviour of children and on their response from various disciplinary measures that were applied by their guardians. The field representative also observed on the relationship between the child and the parent or the guardian before and after a child was punished or was involved in bad behaviour. The use of secondary resources was also applied as a method of finding ideas about the research problem. The secondary sources used to find the information that were required in the study were books, magazines, and journals, which were obtained from the library resources. Each member of our group was involved actively in identifying and finding these recourses (Wendkos-Olds, 2006). In the study, the data collected was recorded in tables and various parameters were assigned according to the research findings. The data was then analyzed using statistical software SPSS to evaluate mean, median and the variance. Results In the study, the findings were that children who had good relationship or those who took their parents as their friends had good behaviors. Parents who did not have good relationship with their children used inappropriate methods to discipline their children. Children who were rewarded for good behaviors by their parents or guardians had better behaviors than those who we re not rewarded. Children who were constantly punished for a particular bad behavior were more likely to repeat the same mistake than those who received counseling. Parents who applied corporal punishment as a method of dealing with children who misbehaved did not have good relationship with their children as compared to those who did not punish their children. Children were afraid of punishment. Parents use corporal punishment on their children as the last alternative. Discussions Good relationship between children and their parents or guardians is a known effective method that can be applied in promoting good behaviours among children. In the study, there was a direct correlation between good behaviour in children and strong relationship between children and their parents (Salkind, 2006).Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason why children who have good relations with their parents behaved well is because such children confided in their parents and they believed in their parents as their guides and mentors (MacDonald, 2000). In the investigation, it was found out that children who were rewarded for good behaviours are likely to behave badly in the future (Sears Maccoby, 1976). Children learn through imitations and for this reason, rewarding children for good behaviours are an incentive that has been known to work. On the other hand, children who lacked incentive for good behaviour did not see the reason for continuing with good behaviour and in the end; they behaved badly (Straus Donnelly, 2001). Although most parents and guardians have the idea that corporal punishment is a tool for discouraging bad behaviour in children it does not work in the long term. In a report released recently less that, 59% of paediatricians recommend it (McCormick, 1992). Children who are constantly punished for co mmitting a certain mistake become used to the punishment and therefore at the end they stop responding to the punishment and misbehave constantly (Garmezy Rutter, 2003). Conclusion Good behaviour in children is an important factor in their development and in building strong relationship between them and their children. Punishing children for bad behaviour is a short-term solution or method of dealing with bad behaviour among children. Although establishing good relationship between parents and their children do not have immediate results it is a good method of ensuring good behaviour among children in the long term. References Carey, S. (2003). The whole child: Rrestoring wonder to the art of parenting. Oxford. Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Garmezy, N., Rutter, M. (2003). Stress, coping, and development in children. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Kohlberg, L. (1992). Development of moral character and moral ideology. New York, NY: Russell-Sage Foundation. MacDonald, A. (2000). Parenting with heart. Haverford: Infinity Publishers. Mash, E., Wolfe, D. (2008). Abnormal Child Psychology. Belmont: Cengage Learning McCormick K. (1992). Attitudes of primary care physicians toward corporal punishment. JAMA267, 3161, 3165 McCord, J. (1996). Unintended consequences of punishment. Pediatrics. ; 98:832–834 Pantley, E. (2007). The no-cry discipline solution: Gentle ways to encourage good behaviour: New York: McGraw Hill. Papalia, D. (2006). A childs world: Infancy through adolescence (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Powers, S (1990). Adjusting chair time-out enforcement procedures for oppositional children. Behav Ther21, 257, 271 Salkind, N. (2006). Encyclopedia of human development Volume 1. Michigan: Sage Publication Sears, R., Maccoby, E. (1976). Patterns of child rearing. California: Stanford University Press. Straus, M., Donnelly, D. (2001). Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in America. New Jersey. Transaction Publishers. Wallis, M. ( 2003) A parent’s guide to preparing your child for school: London. Pascal Press. Wendkos-Olds, S. (2006). A childs world: Infancy through adolescence (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 18

Review - Article Example The audiences for the article include students, human resource managers, scholars, and other people involved in managerial duties. As cited by Brum (2007), a committed employee is one who is projected to remain at any given organization. The article defines the way we think of training employees in view of employee commitment and retention. The author evaluates a variety of literature in lieu of finding the gaps in the literature. The study evaluated the determinants of employee commitment, including investment, reward, and lack of alternatives. The study used a large variety of literature which increased the reliability and validity of the collected data. From literature employees are retained in firms that have heavily invested. Most employees also view training as a gift or reward thus enhancing their morale, job performance, and commitment, thus resulting in reduced employee turnover. When there is lack of alternatives, there are increased chances of the employee being committed. In other words, there are alternatives but the available alternatives are not better than the current ones. It has been found out that training is a tool can aid firms in developing a more committed and productive workforce. In the reward system, the employee assists the company more because the company has also assisted him or her. This creates a sense of debt in the employee towards the organization. In the study, Brum reported that training plays a very crucial role in the development of employee commitment. The employees participate in training programs with certain needs as well as objectives. If the outcome of the training program does not meet the needs of the participants, it results in negative change in attitude, lower commitment, and increase in the number of employees leaving the firm. Brum (2007) also pointed that those employee who considered training as the most relevant to their current jobs had the capability to acquire